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Diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol across the adolescent period in healthy females
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 03/02/09
Oskis A et al. - Establishing patterns of cortisol secretion in healthy female adolescents provides an important baseline from which to investigate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal physiology, measured via salivary cortisol.
Methods- Cross-sectional design.
- 61 healthy female adolescents aged 9–18 years (mean age 13.89 years, S.D. ± 2.72) collected eight saliva samples per day on two consecutive weekdays.
- Samples were collected at awakening, 15, 30 and 45 min and 3, 6, 9 and 12 h post-awakening in order to capture both the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and the subsequent period of decline.
- Demographic information was recorded and participants also completed the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
- Patterns of cortisol secretion exhibited good intra-individual stability across the two sampling days.
- Participants evidenced a robust diurnal pattern, with cortisol levels peaking approximately 30–45 min post-awakening (the CAR) and steadily declining concentrations over the remainder of the day.
- Differences according to developmental status (in terms of whether or not participants had experienced first menses: menarche) were observed in the time of peak secretion of the CAR.
- This effect for the CAR was associated with the onset of menarche alone, unlike cortisol levels over the remainder of the day.
- For those who had undergone menarche, were older and of greater BMI, cortisol levels remained higher over the day.
- There was a significant difference in cortisol concentrations at 6 h post-awakening between pre- and post-menarche groups.
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