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High magnification cystoscopy in the primary diagnosis of bladder tumors
Current Opinion in Urology, 08/24/2011
Jichlinski P et al. – At present, white–light cystoscopy, either assisted by fluorescence cystoscopy or narrow–band imaging, is proposed for the global cystoscopic examination of bladder cancer patients. Both techniques compete to help to reduce the recurrence rate by improving exophytic tumor detection, and the extent of carcinoma in situ and high–grade dysplasia. All of which are important prognosis factors for disease progression. Recent findings on neoangiogenesis that accompanies early stage bladder cancer show that this may also be an important observable switch in bladder cancerogenesis, as it is found very early in tumor development.
