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Bosscher HA et al. – As diagnosed with epiduroscopy, 83.3% of all patients with persistent pain after back surgery had severe (grade 3 or 4) epidural fibrosis, while 91.0% had significant (grade 2, 3, or 4) fibrosis. In patients who had undergone more extensive surgery, severe fibrosis was present in 91.1% and significant fibrosis in 95.6%. Using MRI, epidural fibrosis was diagnosed only in 16.1% of these patients. All patients with severe epidural fibrosis had a filling defect on epidurography. Concordant pain was present in 84.3% of patients and depended on the severity of fibrosis. Results were statistically evaluated using analysis of frequencies and t–test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Epiduroscopy demonstrates that the prevalence of severe epidural fibrosis after Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) is substantially higher than is generally reported in MRI evaluations. Severe epidural fibrosis is an underlying pathology in most patients with FBSS.

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