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Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and rheumatoid arthritis: Risk or benefit?
Rheumatology, 07/01/09

Bouffi C et al. – Review discusses the new potential therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC)-based therapy in osteo-articular diseases, and also assesses the potential risks associated with it.

• MSCs play a dual role that may be of benefit in RA owing to their immunosuppressive properties and their potential of differentiation towards chondrocytes
• MSC-based cartilage engineering is a promising approach in case of cartilage injury
• It must be underlined that in case of chronic inflammation, the differentiation ability of MSCs is inhibited
• MSCs exert their immunosuppressive effect after activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-1β, secreted in arthritic joints
• Indeed, the local inflammation may be important for MSCs to display their therapeutic efficacy in RA
• An in vitro step of pre-conditioning of MSCs may also be required to more efficiently trigger the immunomodulatory potential of MSCs
• In conclusion, stromal cells appear as major regulatory cells in skeletal tissue homeostasis, controlling inflammation, immune response, fibrosis and tissue regeneration

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