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Torralba KD et al. – A review of recent literature on the presentation and clinical course of soft tissue infections, that are commonly reported in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, including those who have rheumatic diseases. Use of immunomodulators, including biologic agents, seems to be associated with increased risk for these infections. Increased vigilance among physicians can facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment and better outcomes.

General guidelines in the evaluation and treatment of patients who have soft tissue infections:
  1. Histories of environmental exposures, repetitive or acute trauma, whether related to work, posture limitations, or recreation, should give clues to the causative organism.
  2. History of comorbidities, use of immunosuppressive agents, risk factors for HIV infection can give clues to the potential severity of the underlying infection.
  3. Microbiologic studies should be used to identify causative pathogen.
  4. Musculoskeletal imaging, whenever possible, should be used to determine extent of infection, guide needle aspiration, and monitor treatment.
  5. Empiric antibiotics should be started as soon as possible and adjusted later
  6. Risk factors for antibiotic-resistant organisms should be considered in antibiotic selection.
  7. Aggressive surgery is indicated in necrotizing fasciitis and in other infections not responsive to antibiotic therapy.

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