Rau J et al. - The main effect of the multivariate analysis of variance shows significant differences between the four stages of change for the dimension pain disability. Pain-related self-efficacy was increased in higher stages. Via post-hoc tests the stage of change maintenance differed significantly in contrast to precontemplation, preparation and action in terms of pain disability in social, family and job-related domains. Further studies are recommended to investigate the validity of the stages of change model with respect to other pain-related dimensions, because the stages precontemplation, preparation and action could not always distinguished precisely.
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