Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and rheumatoid arthritis: Risk or benefit?
Bouffi C et al. – Review discusses the new potential therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC)-based therapy in osteo-articular diseases, and also assesses the potential risks associated with it. - MSCs play a dual role that may be of benefit in RA owing to their immunosuppressive properties and their potential of differentiation towards chondrocytes
- MSC-based cartilage engineering is a promising approach in case of cartilage injury
- It must be underlined that in case of chronic inflammation, the differentiation ability of MSCs is inhibited
- MSCs exert their immunosuppressive effect after activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-1β, secreted in arthritic joints
- Indeed, the local inflammation may be important for MSCs to display their therapeutic efficacy in RA
- An in vitro step of pre-conditioning of MSCs may also be required to more efficiently trigger the immunomodulatory potential of MSCs
- In conclusion, stromal cells appear as major regulatory cells in skeletal tissue homeostasis, controlling inflammation, immune response, fibrosis and tissue regeneration
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