Coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer: A meta-analysis
Tang N et al. - To clarify the role of coffee in lung cancer, it was reported that high or an increased consumption of coffee may increase the risk of lung cancer. Because the residual confounding effects of smoking or other factors may still exist, these results should be interpreted with caution. Methods- PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched (from 1966 to January 2009) and the reference lists of retrieved articles.
- Study-specific risk estimates were pooled using random-effects model.
- 5 prospective studies and 8 case–control studies involving 5347 lung cancer cases and 104,911 non-cases were included.
Results- Combined results indicated a significant positive association between highest coffee intake and lung cancer.
- An increase in coffee consumption of 2 cups/day was associated with a 14% increased risk of developing lung cancer.
- In stratified analyses, highest coffee consumption was significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer in prospective studies, but borderline significantly associated with decreased risk of lung cancer in non-smokers.
- Decaffeinated coffee drinking was associated with decreased lung cancer risk, although the number of studies on this topic was relatively small.
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