Pleural effusion due to intra-abdominal extravasation of parenteral nutrition Been JV et al. - Perforation of the central venous catheter in the peritoneal cavity was subsequently confirmed by contrast roentgenography. As in peritoneal dialysis and hepatic hydrothorax, pleuroperitoneal communication needs to be considered in patients exhibiting pleural effusion with a central venous line below the diaphragm. [more...]