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Chronic pain and cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence among a representative sample of adults
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 10/19/09
Zvolensky MJ et al. – After adjusting for sociodemographic variables and the presence of a lifetime substance use disorder, individuals with a lifetime history of chronic neck or back pain were significantly more likely to be current smokers and to be diagnosed with lifetime as well as current nicotine dependence. Although there was no significant incremental relation between current chronic neck and back pain and being a current smoker, there was a significant association with lifetime and current nicotine dependence. Similar relations were evident among those with and without medically unexplained chronic pain in regard to smoking status and lifetime and current nicotine dependence. Findings are discussed in terms of better understanding the chronic pain–smoking association.
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