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Phase I Studies of Sirolimus Alone or in Combination with Pharmacokinetic Modulators in Advanced Cancer Patients
Clinical Cancer Research, 08/08/2012
Clinical Article
Cohen EEW et al. – Sirolimus can be feasibly administered orally, once weekly with a similar toxicity and pharmacokinetic profile compared with other mTOR inhibitors and warrants further evaluation in studies of its comparative effectiveness relative to recently approved sirolimus analogs.
Methods- Three simultaneously conducted phase I studies in advanced cancer patients used an adaptive escalation design to find the dose of oral, weekly sirolimus alone or in combination with either ketoconazole or grapefruit juice that achieves similar blood concentrations as its intravenously administered and approved prodrug, temsirolimus.
- In addition, the effect of sirolimus on inhibition of p70S6 kinase phosphorylation in peripheral T cells was determined.
- Collectively, the three studies enrolled 138 subjects.
- The most commonly observed toxicities were hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and lymphopenia in 52%, 43%, and 41% of subjects, respectively.
- The target sirolimus area under the concentration curve (AUC) of 3,810ng-h/mL was achieved at sirolimus doses of 90, 16, and 25mg in the sirolimus alone, sirolimus plus ketoconazole, and sirolimus plus grapefruit juice studies, respectively.
- Ketoconazole and grapefruit juice increased sirolimus AUC approximately 500% and 350%, respectively.
- Inhibition of p70 S6 kinase phosphorylation was observed at all doses of sirolimus and correlated with blood concentrations.
- One partial response was observed in a patient with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.