Smartest Doc
Association of Nerve Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A with Psychometric Measurements of Opiate Dependence: Results of a Pilot Study in Patients Participating in a Structured Diamorphine Maintenance Program
European Addiction Research, 05/09/2012
Clinical Article
Heberlein A et al. – The results of this pilot study show that there might be an association between symptoms of opiate dependence and withdrawal and serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A and nerve growth factor.
Methods- The authors investigated alterations in NGF and VEGF-A serum levels in opiate-dependent patients (25 male patients), who received diamorphine (DAM, heroin) treatment within a structured opiate maintenance program, and compared the results with the NGF and VEGF-A serum levels of healthy controls (23 male controls).
- NGF and VEGF-A serum levels were assessed before and after DAM administration twice a day (in the morning (16 h after last application – t1) and in the afternoon (7 h after last application – t3)) in order to detect a possible immediate or summative (in the afternoon) heroin effect on these two neuropeptides.
- Moreover, the authors investigated possible associations between the serum levels of these neurotrophic growth factors and psychometric dimensions of addictive behavior, e.g. craving, withdrawal, depression.
- Whereas there was no direct effect of DAM application on the serum levels of both neurotrophic growth factors neither in the morning nor in the afternoon, the NGF serum levels of the patient group were found to be significantly increased at all four time points of investigation compared with the healthy controls.
- In contrast, VEGF-A serum levels did not differ significantly in the patient and control groups.
- The authors found a significant positive association between the NGF serum levels and several items of the short opiate withdrawal scale as well as a negative association between self-reported mood (measured by visual analogue scale) and mood before heroin application (in the morning as in the afternoon).
- Moreover, the authors found a significant positive association between the NGF serum levels (t1 and t3) and the self-reported craving for methadone.
- In contrast, the authors found a negative association between the VEGF-A serum levels and avoidance, anxiety, suicide intentions of the SCL-90 as well as a positive association between the VEGF-A serum levels and the subscales of the heroin craving questionnaire measuring the rewarding effects of heroin.