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Neural processing of spoken words in specific language impairment and dyslexia
Brain, 06/08/09

Helenius P et al. – Impaired short-term maintenance of linguistic activation that underlies word recognition. Size of the repetition effect decreased from controls through reading-impaired (dyslexic) pts to specific language impairment (SLIs) pts, when advancing from milder to more severe language impairment. The unusually rapid decay of speech-evoked activation may have a detrimental role on vocabulary growth in children with SLI.

Methods

Study of the neural signatures of auditory word recognition and word repetition in young adults with SLI, dyslexia and normal language development
Use of magnetoencephalography
Stimuli: 7-8 letter spoken real words and pseudo-words

Results

Transient peak evoked at 100 ms (N100m), then longer-lasting activation peaking at ~400 ms (N400m) in left and right superior temporal cortex
Both word repetition (first vs immediately following second presentation) and lexicality (words vs pseudowords) modulated N400m response
Effect of lexicality at ~400 ms onwards as activation culminated for words but continued for pseudo-words
More pronounced effect in left vs right hemisphere in controls
Left hemisphere lexicality effect present in dyslexic adults, but non-significant in SLI pts, possibly reflecting limited vocabulary
Immediate repetition of words and pseudo-words in both hemispheres attenuated by N400m activation between 200-700 ms
In SLI adults, abnormally weak repetition effect evaluated at 200–400 ms

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