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Molecular epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria
Future Microbiology, 11/04/09

Behr MA et al. – The emergence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) as important environmental pathogens has stimulated the search for molecular markers to identify NTM sources, determine virulence mechanisms and describe their population structure. The availability of genome sequence data for a number of NTM isolates has permitted a more definitive approach to classification of these organisms based on sequence analysis of polymorphic targets, such as 16S rRNA, hsp65 and the internal transcribed spacer. An alternative approach, based on assessment of conserved inserted and deleted elements, also permits robust branding of clinical and laboratory isolates. Complementary to ‘top–down’ approaches that classify organisms at the species, subspecies and strain level, ‘bottom–up’ methods to determine the genetic similarity of pairs or groups of isolates have also been developed and used.