Orthopedics Articles

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Alkherayf F et al. – The prevalence of chronic LBP was 23.3% in daily smokers and only 15.7% in non–smokers. Age and sex were found to be effect modifiers, and the relationship between smoking and chronic LBP risk was dependent on sex and age. The association between daily smoking and the risk of chronic LBP was stronger among younger individuals. Occasional smoking slightly increased the odds of having chronic LBP. Daily smoking increases the risk of LBP among young adults, and this effect seems to be dose–dependent. Back pain treatment programs may benefit from integrating smoking habit modification. Further research is required to develop effective prevention strategies.

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