Open Fractures of the Tibia Treated by Immediate Intramedullary Tibial Nail Insertion Without Reaming: A Prospective Study Kakar, S MD, MRCS, et al. - Conclusions: Protocol-driven management emphasizing meticulous soft-tissue management and the use of immediate tibial nailing without reaming appears to be safe and effective in the treatment of open tibia fractures. The deep infection rate for the patients who were treated by protocol was 3% and the implant failure rate was lower than has been previously reported, most likely attributable to attempts to obtain cortical contact and avoid fracture gaps [more...]