Vitreomacular Adhesion in Active and End-Stage Age-related Macular Degeneration Robison CD et al. - PVD may protect against exudative AMD, whereas VMA may promote exudative AMD. This phenomenon is not evident in end-stage disease because of an increased incidence of PVD and a decreased incidence of VMA in eyes with disciform scars. Genetic and environmental factors do not seem to influence these observations. [more...]