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Cardiovascular risk in menopausal women and prevalent related co-morbid conditions: facing the post-Womens Health Initiative era
Fertility and Sterility, 08/25/09

Perez–Lopez FR et al. – Although experimental and some observational data have supported the fact that estrogens are beneficial for the female vascular system, these positive actions have been challenged by the results of the Women's Health Initiative trial and the Million Women Study, which demonstrated an increase in cardiovascular risk and related adverse events. The role of hormone therapy for the menopause has shifted from a preventive use to a limited role in symptom management, for which it remains the most effective intervention. Baseline evaluation of menopausal women should include individual cardiovascular risk assessment, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, elevated body weight, and the metabolic syndrome. Concomitantly, new factors influencing cardiovascular risk have been delineated among postmenopausal women, namely sleeping disorders, depression, vitamin D insufficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, sexual dysfunction, stress, and psychosocial factors.

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