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Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Human Rhinovirus Infection in Healthy Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Western Australian Children
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 06/22/2012
Annamalay AA et al. – Factors associated with the presence of Human rhinovirus (HRV) differ between Aboriginal and non–Aboriginal children. In contrast to HRV–A, HRV–C is associated with upper respiratory symptoms suggesting that HRV–C is likely to be implicated in respiratory illness.
Methods- Respiratory viruses and bacteria were identified in 1006 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from a cohort of 79 Aboriginal and 88 non-Aboriginal Western Australian children before 2 years of age.
- HRV-positive nasopharyngeal aspirates were typed for HRV species and genotypes.
- Longitudinal growth models incorporating generalized estimating equations were used to investigate associations between HRV species and potential risk factors.
- Of the 159 typed specimens, they identified 83 (52.2%) human rhinovirus species A (HRV-A), 26 (16.4%), human rhinovirus species B and 50 (31.4%) HRV-C.
- HRV-C was associated with upper respiratory symptoms in Aboriginal (odds ratio, 3.77; 95% confidence interval:1.05–13.55) and non-Aboriginal children (odds ratio, 5.85; 95% confidence interval: 2.33–14.66).
- HRV-A and HRV-C were associated with carriage of respiratory bacteria. In Aboriginal children, HRV-A was more common in the summer and in those whose mothers were employed prior to delivery.
- In non-Aboriginal children, day-care attendance and exclusive breast-feeding at age 6–8 weeks were associated with detection of HRV-A, and gestational smoking with detection of HRV-C.
