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Role of protein phosphatases and mitochondria in the neuroprotective effects of estrogens
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 06/25/09

Simpkins JW et al. - In the present treatise, the authors provide evidence that the neuroprotective and mito-protective effects of estrogens are inexorably linked and involve the ability of estrogens to maintain mitochondrial function during neurotoxic stress. This is achieved by the induction of nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression, the maintenance of protein phosphatases levels in a manner that likely involves modulation of the phosphorylation state of signaling kinases and mitochondrial pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, and the potent redox/antioxidant activity of estrogens.

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