Neurology Medical News about neurogliogenesis;mature olfactory system

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Neurogliogenesis in the mature olfactory system: A possible protective role against infection and toxic dust
Brain Research Reviews, 04/07/09

Loseva E et al. – The hypothesis is reported that continuous neurogenesis in the olfactory system throughout adulthood evolved as a protective mechanism to prevent impairment of the most ancient but vitally important sensory system. Differentiation of most progenitors to glial cells, including macrophages and microglia, may create an additional barrier to exogenous agents deep en route to the brain.

Methods

Review of neurogliogenesis in the mature olfactory system

Results

The outpost position of the olfactory bulb (OB) between the direct inputs from nasal epithelium sensory neurons and other brain parts suggests its highest vulnerability among all brain structures to penetration of exogenous agents
Numerous neurotropic viruses invade the brain through the OB
Microscopic particles of toxic dusts may propagate from nasal epithelium to OB and further into brain; impairing cellular elements of brain
OB cells are most affected as the first to encounter viral infections and toxic particles
Substitution of injured or dead cells in the OB by new-born neurons, differentiating from progenitors, plays a role in protecting OB neuronal microcircuits from destruction
Some cytokines and chemokines released in response to infection and/or intoxication can modulate different stages of neurogenesis (proliferation, migration, and differentiation)

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