Starr JR et al. – In this large, carefully controlled, multicenter study, we observed consistently lower mean neurodevelopmental scores in children with single–suture craniosynostosis compared with controls. These results provide further support for neurodevelopmental screening in young children with single–suture craniosynostosis.

• Longitudinal comparison study.
• Five tertiary care craniofacial centers.
• Patients with craniosynostosis (cases) and a comparison group of children without craniosynostosis (controls). Patients diagnosed with single-suture craniosynostosis from 2002 to 2006 were eligible as cases.
• Controls were frequency-matched to cases on age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, and study site.

• Adjusted mean case deficits ranged from 3 to 6 points. Compared with controls, the odds of cases being delayed ranged from 1.5 to 2.0, depending on the neurodevelopmental scale (P values ranged from .03 to .09).
• Cases' ages at craniosynostosis repair were not strongly related to neurodevelopmental performance.