Gheith O et al. - The long-term results of conventional therapy (steroid/azathioprine) without induction are satisfactory for live-donor kidney transplant. Chronic allograft nephropathy was significantly higher in group III, possibly due to the risk of CsA neph-rotoxicity. Groups with CsAbased protocols experienced many adverse reactions of CsA such as hypertension, DM, and chronic rejection. Nowadays, it is possible to achieve excellent calcineurin inhibitor-free regimen after introduction of induction therapy and utilization of newer maintenance immunosu-ppressive agents as MMF and rapamycin.
