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Folic acid source, usual intake, and folate and vitamin B-12 status in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 10/15/09

Yang Q et al. – At current fortification levels, US adults who do not consume supplements or who consume an average of <=400 microg folic acid/d from supplements are unlikely to exceed the tolerable upper level (UL) (1000 microg/d) in intake for folic acid.

Methods

The authors used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006 (n = 8258).

Results

Overall, 2.7% of adults consumed more than the UL of folic acid.
The proportions of those who consumed folic acid from enriched cereal–grain products (ECGP) only, ECGP+ready–to–eat cereals (RTE), ECGP+ready–to–eat cereals (RTE), and ECGP+RTE+supplements (SUP) were 42%, 18%, 25%, and 15%, respectively.
Of 60% of adults who did not consume supplements containing folic acid (ECGP only and ECGP+RTE), 0% had intakes that exceeded the UL.
Of 34% and 6% of adults who consumed supplements with an average of <=400 and >400 microg folic acid/d, <1% and 47.8%, respectively, had intakes that exceeded the UL.
Consumption of RTE and/or supplements with folic acid was associated with higher folate and vitamin B–12 and lower homocysteine concentrations, and consumption of supplements with vitamin B–12 was associated with lower methylmalonic acid concentrations.

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