A systematic review of the cardiovascular risk of inhaled anticholinergics in patients with COPD Hilleman DE et al. - The long-term use of inhaled anticholinergic agents has recently been suggested to be associated with an excess risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with COPD. The relative risks for serious CV events, heart failure, and myocardial infarction were all significantly lower with tiotropium than placebo. [more...]