Hara A et al. - This is a case report of a 42-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus was admitted to hospital because of severe anemia. Radioimmunoprecipitation assay revealed that her serum was positive for anti-erythropoietin antibodies before therapy. Furthermore, the autoantibodies inhibited proliferation of an erythropoietin-dependent cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Immunosuppressive treatment improved the anemia accompanied with disappearance of the autoantibodies.