Empana JP et al. - Risk factors presented belong to four pathophysiologic pathways: genetic, metabolic, adrenergic and psychosocial. Overall, the variety of the identified risk factors underlines the multifactorial nature of sudden death and the challenge that the identification of high-risk subjects represents. Some clinical implications can already be mentioned, including a systematic search for a family history of sudden death, and the use of hygieno-dietetic measures which are particularly suited to the primary prevention of sudden death.