Tauchi H et al. - Eighteen of seventy-four patients with infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed ACA, including three-way translocations in four, other novel translocations in four, and complex structural chromosomal changes in four. Only age less than 6 months and positive central nervous system leukemia were significant prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. However, overall survival rates were worse in patients with ACA compared to those with non-ACA. Genetic alterations induced by additional chromosomal changes may be associated with disease progression and poorer overall survival rates in infants with MLL-rearranged ALL.