Hu G et al. - In a study to determine the single and joint associations of coffee consumption and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) with the risk of primary liver cancer, it was shown that coffee drinking has an inverse and graded association with the risk of liver cancer. High serum GGT is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer Methods
Study cohorts included 60,323 Finnish participants who were 25-74 years of age and free of any cancer at baseline
Results
During a median follow-up period of 19.3 years, 128 participants were diagnosed with an incident liver cancer
Multivariable-adjusted hazards ratios of liver cancer in participants who drank 0-1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7, and 8 cups of coffee daily were 1.00, 0.66, 0.44, 0.38, and 0.32, respectively
Further adjustment for serum GGT in subgroup analysis affected the results only slightly
Multivariable-adjusted and coffee-adjusted hazard ratio of liver cancer for the highest vs the lowest quartile of serum GGT was 3.13
Multivariable-adjusted inverse association between coffee consumption and liver cancer risk persisted when stratified by baseline factors: age more/less than 50 years, current smoker/never smoked/ever smoked, alcohol drinker/never drinker, obese/nonobese, and the highest/lowest three quartiles of serum GGT
A combination of very low coffee consumption and high level of serum GGT was associated with nearly 9-fold increased risk
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