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Regulation of human stearoyl-CoA desaturase by omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids: Implications for the dietary management of elevated serum triglycerides
Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 08/18/09

Velliquette RA et al. – Diets enriched in linoleic acid (LA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and by metabolic inference eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), can regulate stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity at the transcription level, a nutritional intervention that may be useful in the management of increased levels of serum triglycerides in cardiometabolic disorders.

Methods

Study of the effects of serum fatty acids on: 1) SCD index in controlled clinical setting, and 2) SCD regulation in Hep G2 cells
Determination of SCD index in 23 subjects randomly sequenced through 3 diets for 6 wks in crossover study
Diets variably enriched with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Monounsaturated fatty acids held constant
Evaluation of the effects of LA, ALA, and EPA on mRNA levels of SCD, fatty acid elongases 5 and 6 (Elovl5 and Elovl6), fatty acid synthase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, and sterol response element binding protein-1c
Investigation in Hep G2 cells after 24-hr incubations

Results

SCD indexes C18:1/18:0 and C16:1/C16:0 significantly correlated with serum TG with R2 values of 0.71 and 0.58
Correlation negatively associated with LA and positively associated with ALA
LA and EPA decreased SCD mRNA (EC50 of 0.50 and 1.67?M), whereas ALA did not
LA and EPA decreased sterol response element binding protein-1c mRNA (EC50 of 0.78 and 1.78 microM), but ALA did not
Similar results for Elovl6
GW9662, a peroxisome proliferation activator receptor antagonist, did not obviate effects of LA and EPA on SCD mRNA

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