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Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: The Physicians Health Study II Randomized Controlled Trial
JAMA, 11/17/08

Sesso HD et al. – A large, long-term trial of male physicians shows that neither vitamin E nor C supplementation reduced risk of major cardiovascular events. These data provide no support for supplement use for prevention of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older men.

Methods

Study of whether long-term vitamin E or vitamin C supplementation decreases the risk of major cardiovascular events among men
Physicians' Health Study II: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled factorial trial of vitamin E and vitamin C from 1997-2007
Enrollment of 14,641 US male physicians, age ≥ 50 yrs at enrollment, including 754 men (5.1%) with prevalent cardiovascular disease at randomization
Intervention: individual supplements of vitamin E 400 IU/every other day and vitamin C 500 mg/day
Main outcome measures were composite end point of major cardiovascular events: nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and cardiovascular disease death

Results

Mean follow-up of 8 yrs: 1245 confirmed major cardiovascular events
Compared with placebo, vitamin E had no effect on incidence of major cardiovascular events, total myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality
No significant effect of vitamin C on major cardiovascular events, total myocardial infarction, total stroke, and cardiovascular mortality
Neither vitamin E nor vitamin C had a significant effect on total mortality
Vitamin E was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke

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