Hirte L et al. - Our analyses of the available mortality data show that not only are there differences in IHD mortality between and within the countries of this region, but that these are changing relatively rapidly. A combination of changes in lifestyle and in the delivery of health care could be responsible for this changing situation. Some countries have achieved less than might be expected based on common assumptions about healthy lifestyles and there is a danger of complacency. Other countries need to increase efforts to ensure that achievements in reducing IHD mortality are enjoyed by all.