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Periodic screening with prostate-specific antigen testing reduced mortality from prostate cancer
Evidence-Based Medicine, 08/13/09

Canfield SE - In men 55–69 yrs of age, periodic screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing reduced mortality from prostate cancer (PCa).

• Randomised controlled trial
• Setting: 7 European countries. Participants: 162,243 men 55–69 yrs of age (mean age 61 yrs).
• Some countries enrolled men outside of this age range, but they were not included in this analysis.
• Men with a previous diagnosis of PCa were excluded.
• Screening, on average, once every 4 yrs with PSA testing (n=72,890) or usual care (n=89,353).
• In most centres, a serum PSA concentration >3.0 ng/ml was considered to be an indication for biopsy or additional diagnostic tests.
• Men diagnosed with PCa were treated according to local standard practice.

• In the screening group, 82% of men were screened at least once.
• Use of screening in the control group was not reported.
• In the screening group, more men were diagnosed with PCa and risk of PCa mortality was lower than in the control group.
• To prevent 1 death from PCa, 1410 men would need to be screened and 48 additional men with cancer would need to be treated.

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