Utility of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring in the Evaluation of Patients With Chest Pain
Critical Pathways in Cardiology, 08/01/2012
Clinical Article
Tota–Maharaj R et al. – Carefully selected ED patients with a normal electrocardiogram, normal cardiac biomarkers, and CAC = 0 may be considered for early discharge without further testing.
Methods- The authors conducted a literature review of articles investigating the utility of: (1) CAC scoring in elective patients with indeterminate chest pain symptoms, (2) CAC as a “gatekeeper” in the triage of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain, and (3) the cost–effectiveness of the use of CAC scoring in the ED.
- The authors also evaluated the predictive accuracy of the absence of CAC in a pooled analysis of applicable studies.
- Only studies evaluating patients classified as low or intermediate risk were included.
- Low to intermediate risk was established by Framingham risk scores, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction scores, Diamond–Forrester classification, or by the absence of typical angina symptoms, ischemic electrocardiogram, positive cardiac biomarkers, or a prior history of CHD.
- In the pooled analysis, the presence of any CAC resulted in a high sensitivity (range 70%–100%) for predicting the presence of obstructive coronary disease among symptomatic patients subsequently referred for coronary angiography.
- More importantly, a CAC score of 0 in low– and intermediate–risk ED populations with chest pain had a high negative predictive value (99.4%) for CHD events over an average follow–up of 21 months.
- CAC scoring also seems cost–effective in this population.
