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Neuroprotective actions of sex steroids in Parkinson's disease
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 06/24/09

Bourque M et al. – A review summarizes the protective effects of sex hormones, particularly estradiol, progesterone and androgens, in the animal model 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) of Parkinson's disease (PD) vs methamphetamine toxicity.

• Review of protective effects of sex hormones in PD

• Sex difference in PD, with higher susceptibility in men, suggests a modulatory effect of sex steroids in the brain
• Studies reports neuroprotective properties of sex steroids against brain injuries
• Studies of molecular mechanisms underlying beneficial actions of sex steroids on the brain reports steroid, dose, timing and duration specificities
• Current research focus on dopamine signaling pathways
• Both genomic and non-genomic actions of estrogen converge to promote survival factors and show sex differences
• Neuroprotection by estrogen involves activation of signaling molecules such as phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways
• Interaction with growth factors also contributes to protective actions of estrogen

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