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Ethnic heterogeneity in glucoregulatory function during treatment with atypical antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 06/24/09

Ader M et al. - This is the first prospective study in psychiatric patients that quantified antipsychotic effects on the multiple metabolic processes that increase diabetes risk. Results indicate that ethnic minorities may have greater susceptibility to antipsychotic-induced glucoregulatory complications.

Methods

6-month, randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the effects of risperidone and olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia.
At baseline and weeks 6 and 24 quantified,

(1) total adiposity by DEXA
(2) visceral adiposity by abdominal CT
(3) insulin sensitivity (SI)
(4) pancreatic function (“disposition index”, DI) by intravenous glucose tolerance test.

Results

At baseline, groups (risperidone: n = 28; olanzapine: n = 31) were overweight or obese by body mass index (risperidone: 28.4 ± 5.4, olanzapine: 30.6 ± 7.0 kg/m2).
Both drugs induced weight gain (p < 0.004).
Total adiposity was increased by olanzapine at 6 weeks (p = 0.0006) and by both treatments at 24 weeks (p < 0.003).
Visceral adiposity was increased by olanzapine and risperidone by 24 weeks (p < 0.003).
SI did not deteriorate appreciably, although a downward trend was observed with risperidone.
Given known ethnic differences in adiposity and SI, secondary analysis in African American and Hispanic subjects was performed.
In this subset, olanzapine expanded both total and visceral adiposity (p < 0.02); no increase was observed with risperidone.
There were modest downward trends for SI with both treatments.
By week 24, olanzapine-treated subjects exhibited diminished DI (p = 0.033), indicating inadequate pancreatic compensation for insulin resistance.

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