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Association between sleep and blood pressure in midlife: The CARDIA Sleep Study
Archives of Internal Medicine, 06/15/09

Knutson KL et al. – Reduced sleep duration and consolidation predicted higher blood pressure (BP) levels and adverse changes in BP, suggesting the need for studies to investigate whether interventions to optimize sleep may reduce BP.

Methods

Study of both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between objectively measured sleep and BP
Ancillary study to the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study
Measurement of BP in 2000-2001 and 2005-2006
Measurement of sleep twice using wrist actigraphy for 3 consecutive days between 2003-2005
Calculation of sleep duration and sleep maintenance (as a component of sleep quality)
Analyses of 578 African Americans and White pts agd 33-45 years at baseline
Outcome measures: systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) levels, 5-yr change in BP, and incident hypertension

Results

Exclusion of pts taking antihypertensive medications and adjusted for age, race, and sex, shorter sleep duration and lower sleep maintenance predicted significantly higher SBP and DBP levels cross-sectionally and more adverse changes in SBP and DBP levels over 5 yrs
Short sleep duration predicted significantly increased odds of incident hypertension
Adjustment for 16 additional covariates, including snoring and daytime sleepiness, slightly attenuated the associations between sleep and BP
Sleep duration appeared to mediate the difference between African Americans and White pts in DBP change over time