Rahbar R et al. - Lingual thyroid is a rare condition, with an incidence of 1:100,000. This infrequent congenital anomaly is often asymptomatic until a pathologic stress such as systemic disease or physiologic stress such as puberty causes enlargement of the ectopic tissue, leading to dysphagia, dysphonia, and dyspnea. The majority of patients require surgical excision of the symptomatic mass and, in case of absence of orthotopic thyroid tissue, long-term thyroid hormone replacement.
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