Evolution, body composition, insulin receptor competition, and insulin resistance
Preventive Medicine, 11/02/2009
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Eaton SB et al. – Average human adiposity and sarcopenia have attained unprecedented levels and the resultantly abnormal body composition distorts insulin receptor balance. Compared to evolutionary norms we now ... insulin receptors (in adipose tissue and liver) and too few myocyte insulin receptors. The body's insulin receptors can be conceptualized as competing for insulin molecules released from the pancreas. When an insulin molecule docks on an adipocyte receptor, substantially fewer glucose molecules are ... cleared from the blood than when an insulin molecule docks on a myocyte insulin receptor. Populational insulin receptor imbalance would seem to parallel the secular rise in insulin resistance and offers an attractive pathophysiological explanation for the accompanying type 2 diabetes epidemic. An ... body composition, insulin receptor imbalance, and the consequent impact on carbohydrate metabolism should enhance public acceptance of recommendations to increase physical activity.
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Age-Associated Increase in Abdominal Obesity and Insulin Resistance, and Usefulness of AHA/NHLBI Definition of Metabolic Syndrome for Predicting Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Gerontology, 10/19/2009
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Sakurai T et al. – There was an age–associated increase in the prevalence of abdominal obesity and insulin resistance ... in elderly diabetic Japanese subjects, with a clear relationship between waist circumference and insulin resistance. However, insulin resistance was elevated not only in cases with but also in those without abdominal obesity if accompanied by clustering of metabolic disorders. The AHA/NHLBI ... endocrinology,geriatrics,diabetes,preventive medicine,epidemiology,prevention,family medicine
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Does skeletal muscle oxidative stress initiate insulin resistance in genetically predisposed individuals
Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 11/03/2009
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Samocha–Bonet D et al. – First–degree relatives (FDRs) of type 2 diabetes subjects are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Here the authors ... FDRs that could contribute to insulin resistance via increased oxidative stress. Lipotoxic intermediates and lipid peroxides in skeletal muscle interfere with insulin signaling and might cause insulin resistance in these ‘at risk’ individuals.
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Insulin resistance in hyperthyroidism: the role of IL-6 and TNFalpha
European Journal of Endocrinology, 11/04/2009
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Mitrou P et al. – In hyperthyroidism: (1) glucose and lipid metabolism are resistant to insulin (2) subcutaneous AT releases IL–6 which could then act as an endocrine mediator of insulin resistance (3) although there ... is no net secretion of TNFalpha by the subcutaneous AT, increased systemic TNFalpha levels may be related to the development of insulin resistance in lipolysis.
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Insulin Resistance, beta-Cell Dysfunction, and Conversion to Type 2 Diabetes in a Multiethnic Population: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS)
Diabetes Care, 10/14/2009
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Lorenzo C et al. – Both insulin sensitivity and beta–cell function predict conversion to diabetes in different ethnic groups and ... varying states of glucose tolerance, family history of diabetes, and obesity. The prevention of type 2 diabetes should focus on interventions that improve both insulin resistance and insulin secretion.
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Novel Aspects on Insulin Resistance: A Quick Overview
The Endocrinologist, 11/13/2009
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Anderwald C – Insulin resistance induces metabolic abnormalities, such as the cardiometabolic syndrome, caused by increased lipid availability, termed adipotoxicity. Measurement of insulin resistance might be helpful for identifying ... cardiometabolic disorders.
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Mechanisms of human insulin resistance and thiazolidinedione-mediated insulin sensitization
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 11/04/2009
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Sears DD et al. – Pre–TZD treatment expression of MLXIP in muscle and HLA–DRB1 in adipose tissue from insulin resistant subjects was linearly predictive of post–TZD insulin sensitization. We ... uniquely characterized coordinated cellular and tissue functional pathways that are characteristic of insulin resistance, TZD–induced insulin sensitization, and potential TZD responsiveness.
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The hypoglycemic effect of fat and protein is not attenuated by insulin resistance
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 11/20/2009
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Lan–Pidhainy X et al. – The hypoglycemic effect of fat and protein was not blunted by insulin resistance. Protein increased insulin but had no effect on C–peptide or the insulin secretion rate, which suggests decreased hepatic insulin extraction or increased ... ndash;peptide clearance.
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Association between physical activity and insulin resistance in Iranian adults: National Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases (SuRFNCD-2007)
Preventive Medicine, 11/12/2009
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Esteghamati A et al. – These findings indicate a significant relationship between physical inactivity and insulin resistance. For communities in a ... lifestyle, encouraging physical activity may help prevent insulin resistance and its adverse consequences.
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Variant in the 3' Region of the IkappaBalpha Gene Associated With Insulin Resistance in Hispanic Americans: The IRAS Family Study
Obesity, 10/09/2009
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Miller MR et al. – The IKKbeta/NF–kappaB pathway is known to play an important role in inflammatory response and has also recently been implicated in the process of insulin resistance. The results provide ... evidence that the NF–kappaB/IKKbeta pathway may mediate obesity–induced insulin resistance in humans.
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