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Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of a Low-Glycemic Index Diet on Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Care, 09/08/2011
Yu Louie JC et al. – In intensively monitored women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), an low–GI (LGI) diet and a conventional high–fiber moderate–GI diet (HF) diet produce similar pregnancy outcomes.
Methods- Ninety–nine women (age 26–42 years; mean ± SD prepregnancy BMI 24 ± 5 kg/m2) diagnosed with GDM at 20–32 weeks’ gestation were randomized to follow either a low–GI (LGI) (n = 50; target GI ~50) or a high–fiber moderate–GI diet (HF) (n = 49; target GI ~60).
- Dietary intake was assessed by 3–day food records. Pregnancy outcomes were collected from medical records.
- The LGI group achieved a modestly lower GI than the HF group (mean ± SEM 47 ± 1 vs. 53 ± 1; P < 0.001).
- At birth, there was no significant difference in birth weight (LGI 3.3 ± 0.1 kg vs. HF 3.3 ± 0.1 kg; P = 0.619), birth weight centile (LGI 52.5 ± 4.3 vs. HF 52.2 ± 4.0; P = 0.969), prevalence of macrosomia (LGI 2.1% vs. HF 6.7%; P = 0.157), insulin treatment (LGI 53% vs. HF 65%; P = 0.251), or adverse pregnancy outcomes.
