Russell MB – Sporadic and familial hemiplegic migraines (SHM and FHM) are rare paroxysmal disorders characterized by motor aura and headache. The distinction is based on whether other family members are affected. The majority of FHM families have a mutation in one of the ion channels CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A. SHM is sometimes caused by a de novo mutation in one of the genes. Clinical trials of SHM and FHM have not been conducted. Seizure in FHM is secondary to cerebral edema and fever among other factors. The regional cerebral blood flow is reduced during the reversible aura symptoms. Triptans and ergotamine are contraindicated in the management of SHM and FHM based on the pathophysiology. Nimodipine is contraindicated. Acute and prophylactic management are otherwise based on the management principle of the migraine without aura and migraine with aura. [more...]