Intravascular Flow Patterns in Transforaminal Epidural Injections: A Comparative Study of the Cervical and Lumbar Vertebral Segments Kim DW et al. - The incidence of vascular injection in CTEIs is significantly higher than in LTEIs, suggesting that CTEIs should be performed more cautiously. Furthermore, the vascular injection rate of CTEIs is much higher than that previously reported. This finding suggests the need for a proper volume of contrast injection (3 mL) to detect vascular flow, especially in simultaneous perineural and vascular injections. [more...]
