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Early evaluation of natural killer activity in post-transplant acute myeloid leukemia patients
Bone Marrow Transplantation, 10/08/09

Pittari G et al. – In AML, the functional activity of donor–derived NK cells is remarkable at day 30 but may strongly decrease two months after HSCT. Therefore, in this condition, early NK immune–modulation might improve HSCT outcome.

Exclusive Author Commentary
G Pittari, A Caignard, 10/17/09

Although acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts can be killed by NK cells, the function of such effectors is known to be compromised in AML patients. In this study, we show that donor-derived NK cells obtained from the peripheral blood of AML patients early (60 days) after a BMT are also functionally compromised as compared to NK cells obtained form patients undergoing a BMT for other hematological malignancies. The hyporesponsiveness of such effectors was found to be concomitant with the down-regulation of important activating NK receptors (NKp46, NKp30). We also provide data on serum cytokines of tested patients and we suggest that one of the causes of NK functional incompetence in post-BMT AML may be the chronic in-vivo exposure to low levels of IL-2, a cytokine known to promote NK effector functions. Taken together, these data confirm and reinforce the concept that the post-BMT NK-enhancing interventions may have a positive impact on AML patients.

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