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Effect of immunodeficiency, HIV viral load, and antiretroviral therapy on the risk of individual malignancies (FHDH-ANRS CO4): a prospective cohort study : The Lancet Oncology
The Lancet Oncology - Online First, 10/12/09

Guiguet M et al. – cART would be most beneficial if it restores or maintains CD4 count above 500 cells per ?L, thereby indicating an earlier diagnosis of HIV infection and an earlier treatment initiation. Cancer-specific screening programmes need to be assessed in patients with HIV.

• Incidence of both AIDS-defining cancers (Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and cervical cancer) and non-AIDS-defining cancers (Hodgkin's lymphoma, lung cancer, liver cancer, and anal cancer) in 52 278 patients followed up in French Hospital Database on HIV cohort during 1998—2006 (median follow-up 4·9 years, IQR 2·1—7·9; 255 353 person-years)investigated
• Tested 78 models with different classifications of immunodeficiency, viral load, and cART with Poisson regression

• Current CD4 cell count was most predictive risk factor for all malignancies apart from anal cancer. Compared with patients with CD4 count greater than 500 cells per ?L, rate ratios (RR) ranged from 1·9 (95% CI 1·3—2·7) for CD4 counts 350—499 cells per ?L to 25·2 (17·1—37·0) for counts less than 50 cells per ?L for Kaposi's sarcoma , from 1·3 (0·9—2·0) to 14·8 (9·7—22·6) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma , from 1·2 (0·7—2·2) to 5·4 (2·4—12·1) for Hodgkin's lymphoma , from 2·2 (1·3—3·6) to 8·5 (4·3—16·7) for lung cancer , and from 2·0 (0·9—4·5) to 7·6 (2·7—20·8) for liver cancer
• For cervical cancer, we noted strong effect of current CD4 (RR 0·7 per log2, 95% CI 0·6—0·8)
• Risk of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma increased for current plasma HIV RNA greater than 100 000 copies per mL compared with patients with controlled viral load (RR 3·1, 95% CI 2·3—4·2; and 2·9, 2·1—3·9), whereas cART was independently associated with a decreased incidence (0·3, 0·2—0·4, p<0·0001; and 0·8, 0·6—1·0)
• RR of cervical cancer for those receiving cART 0·5 (0·3—0·9; )
• Risk of anal cancer increased with time during which the CD4 count was less than 200 cells per ?L (1·3 per year, 1·2—1·5), and viral load was greater than 100 000 copies per mL (1·2 per year, 1·1—1·4)